国务院办公厅转发发展改革委等部门关于加强中小企业信用担保体系建设意见的通知
国务院办公厅
国务院办公厅转发发展改革委等部门关于加强中小企业信用担保体系建设意见的通知
国办发〔2006〕90号
各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府,国务院各部委、各直属机构:
发展改革委、财政部、人民银行、税务总局、银监会《关于加强中小企业信用担保体系建设的意见》已经国务院同意,现转发给你们,请认真贯彻执行。
国务院办公厅
二○○六年十一月二十三日
关于加强中小企业
信用担保体系建设的意见
发展改革委 财政部 人民银行
税务总局 银监会
近年来,主要以中小企业为服务对象的中小企业信用担保机构快速发展,担保资金不断增加,业务水平和运行质量稳步提高,服务领域进一步拓展,为解决中小企业融资难和担保难等问题发挥了重要作用。但也要看到,目前中小企业信用担保体系建设还存在许多问题,主要是担保机构总体规模较小,实力较弱,抵御风险能力不强,行业管理不完善等,亟须采取有效措施加以解决。根据《中华人民共和国中小企业促进法》和《国务院关于鼓励支持和引导个体私营等非公有制经济发展的若干意见》(国发〔2005〕3号)的要求,为促进中小企业信用担保机构持续健康发展,现提出如下意见:
一、建立健全担保机构的风险补偿机制
(一)切实落实《中华人民共和国中小企业促进法》有关规定,在国家用于促进中小企业发展的各种专项资金(基金)中,安排部分资金用于支持中小企业信用担保体系建设。各地区也要结合实际,积极筹措资金,加大对中小企业信用担保体系建设的支持力度。
(二)鼓励中小企业信用担保机构出资人增加资本金投入。对于由政府出资设立,经济效益和社会效益显著的担保机构,各地区要视财力逐步建立合理的资本金补充和扩充机制,采取多种形式增强担保机构的资本实力,提高其风险防范能力。
(三)各地区、各部门要积极创造条件,采取多种措施,组织和推进中小企业信用担保体系建设,引导担保机构充分发挥服务职能,根据有关法律法规和政策,积极为有市场、有效益、信用好的中小企业开展担保业务,切实缓解中小企业融资难、担保难等问题。
(四)为提高中小企业信用担保机构抵御风险的能力,各地区可根据实际,逐步建立主要针对从事中小企业贷款担保的担保机构的损失补偿机制。鼓励有条件的地区建立中小企业信用担保基金和区域性再担保机构,以参股、委托运作和提供风险补偿等方式支持担保机构的设立与发展,完善中小企业信用担保体系的增信、风险补偿机制。
二、完善担保机构税收优惠等支持政策
(五)继续执行《国务院办公厅转发国家经贸委关于鼓励和促进中小企业发展若干政策意见的通知》(国办发〔2000〕59号)中规定的对符合条件的中小企业信用担保机构免征三年营业税的税收优惠政策。同时,进一步研究完善促进担保机构发展的其他税收政策。
(六)开展贷款担保业务的担保机构,按照不超过当年年末责任余额1%的比例以及税后利润的一定比例提取风险准备金。风险准备金累计达到其注册资本金30%以上的,超出部分可转增资本金。担保机构实际发生的代偿损失,可按照规定在企业所得税税前扣除。
(七)为促进担保机构的可持续发展,对主要从事中小企业贷款担保的担保机构,担保费率实行与其运营风险成本挂钩的办法。基准担保费率可按银行同期贷款利率的50%执行,具体担保费率可依项目风险程度在基准费率基础上上下浮动30%-50%,也可经担保机构监管部门同意后由担保双方自主商定。
三、推进担保机构与金融机构的互利合作
(八)按照平等、自愿、公平及等价有偿、诚实信用的原则,鼓励、支持金融机构与担保机构加强互利合作。鼓励金融机构和担保机构根据双方的风险控制能力合理确定担保放大倍数,发挥各自优势,加强沟通协作,防范和化解中小企业信贷融资风险,促进中小企业信贷融资业务健康发展。
(九)金融机构要针对中小企业的特点,创新与担保机构的合作方式,拓展合作领域,积极开展金融产品创新,推出更多适合中小企业多样化融资需求的金融产品和服务项目。政策性银行可依托中小商业银行和担保机构,开展以中小企业为主要服务对象的转贷款、担保贷款业务。
(十)金融机构要在控制风险的前提下,合理下放对小企业贷款的审批权限,简化审贷程序,提高贷款审批效率。对运作规范、信用良好、资本实力和风险控制能力较强的担保机构承保的优质项目,可按人民银行利率管理规定适当下浮贷款利率。
四、切实为担保机构开展业务创造有利条件
(十一)担保机构开展担保业务中涉及工商、房产、土地、车辆、船舶、设备和其他动产、股权、商标专用权、专利权等抵押物登记和出质登记,凡符合要求的,登记部门要按照《中华人民共和国担保法》的规定为其办理相关登记手续。担保机构可以查询、抄录或复印与担保合同和客户有关的登记资料,登记部门要提供便利。
(十二)登记部门要简化程序、提高效率,积极推进抵押物登记、出质登记的标准化和电子化,提高服务水平,降低登记成本。同时,担保机构办理代偿、清偿、过户等手续的费用,要按国家有关规定予以减免。在办理有关登记手续过程中,有关部门不得指定评估机构对抵押物(质物)进行强制性评估,不得干预担保机构正常开展业务。
(十三)各部门和有关方面按照规定可向社会公开的企业信用信息,应向担保机构开放,支持担保机构开展与担保业务有关的信息查询。有条件的地方要建立互联互通机制,实现可公开企业信用信息与担保业务信息的互联互通和资源共享。
五、加强对担保机构的指导和服务
(十四)全国中小企业信用担保体系建设工作由发展改革委牵头,财政部、人民银行、税务总局、银监会参加,各部门要密切配合,加强沟通与协调,及时研究解决工作中的重大问题。地方各级人民政府要加强领导,提高认识,高度重视中小企业信用担保体系建设工作,将其纳入中小企业成长工程,积极采取措施予以推进。
(十五)加强对担保机构经营的指导。各地区要指导和督促担保机构加强内部管理,规范经营行为,完善各种规章制度,努力提高经营水平和防控风险能力。要建立健全担保机构的信用评级制度,督促担保机构到有资质的评级机构进行信用评级,并将信用等级向社会公布。根据实际情况对担保机构实行备案管理,全面掌握担保机构经营状况,及时跟踪指导。
(十六)积极为担保机构做好服务工作。各地区要组织开展面向中小企业信用担保机构的信息咨询、经验交流、业务培训、行业统计、权益保护、行业自律及对外交流等工作,切实推进担保机构自身建设和文化建设,促进担保机构持续健康发展。
以进养出试行办法(附英文)(已失效)
国务院
以进养出试行办法(附英文)
1979年3月26日,国务院
为了实现新时期的总任务,把工作的着重点转移到社会主义现代化建设上来,对外贸易要有一个大的发展。要引进新技术,进口成套设备,必须大量地增加出口。各有关部门和各地区,要千方百计地发展出口商品生产,在充分挖掘国内出口货源潜力的同时,积极利用国外原材料和技术,发挥国内生产能力,大力发展以进养出业务,把出口贸易做大做活,增加外汇收入,增强国家的外汇支付能力。
一、以进养出的范围:
(一)进料加工,包括进口全部原材料或主要原材料,加工成品出口;
(二)进口主件或配件,加工装配产品出口,如进口船用主机或船用仪器装配船舶出口;
(三)以国产原材料为主,进口辅助材料,加工成品出口;
(四)进口饲料、肥料、种子、种畜等,养殖、种植农副土特畜产品出口,以及用进口商品,调换国内农副土特产品出口。
二、现在由国内供应出口商品用的原料、材料和辅料,要按现行物资供应渠道继续保证供应,不得减少或中断,凡国内能增加供应的,应减少进口或不进口。实行以进养出后,各部门、各地区现在供应出口的商品,应随着生产的发展,保持出口的正常增长。
三、以进养出的商品,应当是国际市场适销,创汇率合算,产品质量符合出口要求,国内有生产能力,燃料、电力供应有保证。
四、以进养出需要的外汇,纳入国家进口用汇计划,由外贸部统一掌握使用。具体业务主要由各进出口总公司负责组织进行。各省、自治区、直辖市外贸局对以进养出外汇的使用和业务执行情况要进行监督检查。以进养出的商品需要使用银行外汇贷款时,按短期外汇贷款办法办理。对国外商人来料加工的原材料、辅料和其它物资,不论是否互开信用证,只要实际不用外汇支付的,均不应算作以进养出。
五、以进养出的商品,经外贸部门同有关地区或部门协商,纳入国家生产计划和外贸计划,并逐步实行计划单列,材料直拨,定点生产,以销定产。在保证完成国家计划的前提下,如生产尚有潜力,国外有销路,能及时出口的产品,可在计划外增加安排以进养出,由省、自治区、直辖市外贸局负责组织进行,所需外汇由外贸部专门拨给。
六、以进养出的进口物资和出口产品,不参加国内的平衡分配,逐步做到进口物资由外贸公司直拨生产单位,产品由生产单位直供外贸公司收购出口。
七、以进养出的产品,要择优安排生产。工业品要选择条件比较好的工厂定点生产。农副土特产品要因地制宜划片生产。定点和划片都要相对稳定。
八、根据军民结合、平战结合的原则,要积极发挥军工企业的生产潜力,发展以进养出商品的生产。军工企业生产供应出口产品的价格,要与民用企业的出口产品实行同质同价。
九、以进养出的工业品,外贸公司同生产或供货单位,应签订经济合同或协议,规定各自承担的义务。任何一方不按合同或协议执行而造成的损失,要承担经济赔偿的责任。
十、以进养出的农副土特畜产品,在安排进口饲料、肥料、种子、种畜等的同时,外贸公司同生产或供货单位,应商定增加供应出口商品的品种、数量、规格质量和交货时间。
十一、以进养出的工业品,外贸公司同生产或供货单位,要商定供应出口产品的合格率,原材料、辅料的消耗定额和交货时间。对于产品合格率低,质量没有保证,原材料消耗多,生产成本高的生产企业,不要安排以进养出。
十二、以进养出商品的创汇,要逐项进行核算,出口成品创汇率一般应掌握在百分之三十至五十以上。生产技术工艺比较复杂的产品,创汇率要高一些;生产技术工艺比较简单的产品,创汇率可低一些,但最低不得少于百分之三十。
十三、承担以进养出的生产企业(包括国营农场),要努力做到按时、按质、按量完成生产和供货任务。由于生产某些批量小、花色品种复杂、交货期短的出口产品,如果影响企业的正常利润,经外贸部门和有关部门商定,可由外贸公司给予必要的价外补贴。
十四、以进养出所需进口物资的国内人民币作价,原则上按照现行进口作价办法办理。对以进养出中由于进口原辅料国内调拨价格或利润、税率偏高而使出口成品外贸亏损大的少数品种,只要国际市场好销,创汇率合算,经过批准,可采用外贸部门代理进口只收手续费,或免征关税、工商税的办法处理。生产、供货单位供应出口的产品,应按外贸进口原辅料实际拨交的价格计算成本。
十五、以进养出商品的外汇留成按国家统一规定的留成办法办理。
各地区、各有关部门及外贸公司、生产企业单位对以进养出的业务活动,要建立专项登记和统计,加强经济核算,保证有关业务凭证、原始记录的完整。
十六、进行以进养出的生产或供货单位,经营好、创汇多,工资、奖金和福利可以多给一些。粗制滥造、克扣进口物资和私分产品的,要追究责任,严肃处理。
十七、对以进养出的生产或供货单位,外货公司应随时提供国外先进产品的样本、样品和技术资料,吸收生产或供货单位的人员参加对外谈判,有计划地组织出国考察和邀请外商进行技术交流。
十八、对以进养出的工作,各地区、各有关部门要加强领导,积极组织进行,并解决生产、供货中存在的问题。生产、供货部门和外贸部门要及时总结经验,推动这项工作不断发展。
TRIAL MEASURES CONCERNING THE PROMOTION OF EXPORTS BY IMPORTATION
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
TRIAL MEASURES CONCERNING THE PROMOTION OF EXPORTS BY IMPORTATION
(Approved and promulgated by the State Council on March 26, 1979)
In order to carry out the general task of the new period and to shift the
focus of the work on to the track of socialist modernization, foreign
trade should be greatly expanded and developed. Exports must be greatly
increased for the purpose of introducing new technology and importing
equipment in complete sets. All departments concerned and all regions
should try their best and use every possible means to develop the
production of export commodities; while tapping fully the domestic
potentials for increasing the sources of export commodities, raw materials
and technology from abroad should be utilized fully so as to bring into
full play the domestic production capacity, to devote major efforts to the
promotion of exports by importation and to expand export trade extensively
and in a flexible way, thus increasing foreign exchange earnings, and
strengthening the country's paying capability in foreign exchange.
1. The scope of promoting exports through importation:
(1) to import materials for processing, including the importation of all
raw and semifinished materials or key raw and semifinished materials, and
to process them into finished products for export;
(2) to import main component parts or fittings, and to process and
assemble them into finished products for export; for example, to import
ships' main engines or instruments for assembling vessels for export;
(3) to mainly use home-produced raw and semifinished materials, and import
auxiliary materials, then to process them into finished products for
export; and (4) to import animal feeds, fertilizers, seeds, and breeding
stocks, and to use them in growing and breeding occupations, then to use
the animal, farm, and side-line products and local specialties for export;
or to exchange imported commodities for home-produced farm and side-line
products and local specialties, and to use them for export.
2. With respect to the raw, semifinished and auxiliary materials now
supplied domestically for the production of export commodities, such
supplies shall be guaranteed through the current supplying channel of
materials and shall not be reduced or cut; the materials which can be
supplied domestically shall not be imported or their importation shall be
reduced. After the implementation of the policy of promoting exports by
imports, various departments and areas, which are at present supplying
commodities for export, shall maintain a normal increase in export with
the development of production.
3. The commodities manufactured under the policy of promoting exports by
importation, shall be marketable on the international market;
profitable in earning foreign exchange; up to the quality standards for
export; and can be manufactured domestically with a guarantee for the
supply of fuels and power.
4. The amount of foreign exchange needed for carrying out the policy of
promoting exports by importation shall be included in the state plan for
the allocation of foreign exchange for imports, which shall be executed
solely by the Ministry of Foreign Trade. The specific business operations
shall be organized by the head offices of various national import and
export corporations. The bureaus of foreign trade of various provinces,
autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central
Government shall be responsible for supervising and examining the use of
foreign exchange for promoting exports by importation and the situation of
business operations. Where bank loans in foreign exchange are needed for
commodities for promoting exports by importation, the case shall be
handled in accordance with the measures for granting short-term foreign
exchange loans. With respect to the raw and semifinished materials,
auxiliary materials and other materials supplied by businessmen abroad for
processing on the basis of materials supplied, no matter letters of credit
are mutually opened or not, so long as the payment is not actually
effected in foreign exchange, the aforesaid materials shall not be counted
as the materials used for promoting exports by importation.
5. The commodities for promoting exports by importation shall, after
consultation made by the foreign trade departments with the relevant
regions or departments, be included in the state plans for production and
for foreign trade, and the following principles shall be implemented step
by step; separate plans; direct allocation of materials; production at
designated units and production quota fixed according to sales conditions.
On the condition that the fulfillment of the state plan is guaranteed, if
there still exist production potentials and products marketable on the
international market can be timely exported, then arrangements may be made
for extra exports for promoting exports by importation beyond the plans,
and the foreign trade bureaus of provinces, autonomous regions, or
municipalities directly under the Central Government shall be responsible
for organizing this matter; the foreign exchange needed for the production
shall be allotted specially by the Ministry of Foreign Trade.
6. The materials imported, and the products exported for promoting exports
by importation, shall not be included in the domestic scheme for balanced
distribution; imported materials shall, step by step, be allocated
directly by foreign trade companies to production units, and the products
shall be supplied directly by the production units to foreign trade
companies which shall purchase the products for export.
7. The production of products for promoting exports by importation shall
be arranged on the basis of good quality. For the manufacture of
industrial commodities, only factories with better production conditions
shall be designated specially for the said purpose. With respect to farm
and side-line products and local specialities, the production shall be
developed in the light of local conditions with tracts of land assigned
for the purpose. The aforesaid designation of factories and division of
arable land shall remain relatively stable.
8. In accordance with the principle of "integration of military production
and civil production" and "integration of production in peacetime and that
in wartime", it is imperative to tap the productive potentials of the
military industrial enterprises, and to made full use of these military
industrial enterprises in promoting the production of export commodities
for promoting exports by importation. The prices of export commodities
manufactured by the military industrial enterprises shall be fixed
according to the principle of "same quality, same price" as the export
commodities manufactured by civil enterprises.
9. With respect to industrial commodities for promoting exports by
importation, the foreign trade company and the production or supplying
unit shall conclude and sign an economic contract or agreement, in which
are stipulated their respective obligations. In the event that either of
the two parties fails to execute the said contract or agreement, which
consequently has given rise to economic losses, the violator shall be
liable for compensating for the economic losses.
10. With respect to the farm and side-line products, livestock products
and local specialties for promoting exports by importation, while
arrangements are being made for the importation of animal feeds,
fertilizers, seeds and breeding stocks, the foreign trade company and the
production or supplying unit shall reach an agreement through consultation
concerning the increase of varieties and quantity, the specifications and
quality of the commodities they supply for export, as well as the time for
delivery.
11. With respect to the industrial products for promoting exports by
importation, the foreign trade company and the production or supplying
unit shall reach an agreement through consultation concerning the rate of
quality products for export, the rating for the consumption of raw,
semifinished, and auxiliary materials, and the time for delivery.
Those production enterprises, whose rate of quality products for export is
low, thus unable to guarantee the quality of their products, and whose
consumption of raw and semifinished materials and production costs are
high, are not eligible to be engaged in "promoting exports by
importation".
12. With respect to the earnings of foreign exchange from commodities for
promoting exports by importation, business accounting shall be carried out
item by item, and the rate of foreign exchange earnings from exporting
finished goods should generally be controlled at the rate from 30% to 50%
or higher. The rate of foreign exchange earnings from products that call
for more sophisticated production technology shall be higher, while the
rate of foreign exchange earnings from products that are turned out with
simpler production technology shall be lower, but it shall not be lower
than 30%.
13. Production enterprises (including state-run farms) that engage in
promoting exports by importation shall try their best to fulfil their
production tasks on time with the required quality and quantity and
deliver their goods on schedule. In the event that a production enterprise
undertakes the task of manufacturing a particular item of export product
in small quantity, with complicated designs and varieties and a very short
time limit for delivery, and consequently suffers a loss in its normal
profit earnings, the foreign trade company shall make compensation for
this by giving the production enterprise a necessary subsidy not included
in the calculated purchasing prices after the foreign trade department and
the relevant departments have reached an agreement through consultation.
14. The making of prices in Renminbi within the country for the imported
goods and materials needed for promoting exports by importation shall, in
principle, be handled in accordance with the current measures for making
prices for imported goods. With respect to a few varieties of export goods
included in promoting exports by importation, which, as a consequence of
the high domestic appropriation prices of imported raw and auxiliary
materials or the high profit and tax rates, give rise to great losses in
exporting such finished goods, so long as the aforesaid varieties of goods
sell well on the international market and the rate of earnings in foreign
exchange is acceptable, they may, with approval, be imported through
agency by the foreign trade department and only service fees shall be
charged or Customs duty/consolidated industrial and commercial tax be
exempted from. The products supplied by production or supplying units for
export shall calculate the production costs in accordance with the actual
appropriation price of the said raw and auxiliary materials imported
through the foreign trade channel.
15. With respect to the retention quota of foreign exchange earnings from
the commodities for promoting exports by importation, the case shall be
handled in accordance with the retention measures prescribed uniformly by
the State. With respect to the business activities carried out for
promoting exports by importation, all regions and areas, all departments
concerned, as well as foreign trade companies and production enterprises,
shall set up special register and compile statistics for the said business
activities, strengthen the cost check-up and accounting, and guarantee the
completeness of all business vouchers and original records.
16. With respect to those production or supplying units engaged in
promoting exports by importation, which maintain better business
performance and higher foreign exchange earnings, higher pay, more bonuses
and welfare allowances may be allowed. As to those production or supplying
units which turn out poor quality products, embezzle imported goods and
materials, and plot to share among themselves the products, an
investigation shall be made into their illegal acts, and their cases shall
be dealt with seriously.
17. To the production or supplying units engaged in promoting exports by
importation, the foreign trade companies should, at any time, provide the
aforesaid production or supplying units with specimens and samples of
foreign advanced products as well as relevant technical data, invite the
personnel from the production or supplying units to participate in
business talks with foreign companies or businessmen, organize, according
to plan, study groups to carry out investigations abroad, and invite
foreign businessmen for technical exchange.
18. All regions and areas, and all departments concerned, should
strengthen the leadership of the work concerning the production of export
commodities for promoting exports by importation, enthusiastically
organize the implementation, and solve the problems arising in production
and supply of goods. The production and supplying units and foreign trade
departments should sum up, in good time, their experience so as to push
forward the steady development of this work.